2.7.4.9. Constraint optimization: visualizing the geometry

A small figure explaining optimization with constraints

  • ../../../_images/sphx_glr_plot_constraints_001.png
  • ../../../_images/sphx_glr_plot_constraints_002.png
import numpy as np
import pylab as pl
from scipy import optimize
x, y = np.mgrid[-2.9:5.8:.05, -2.5:5:.05]
x = x.T
y = y.T
for i in (1, 2):
# Create 2 figure: only the second one will have the optimization
# path
pl.figure(i, figsize=(3, 2.5))
pl.clf()
pl.axes([0, 0, 1, 1])
contours = pl.contour(np.sqrt((x - 3)**2 + (y - 2)**2),
extent=[-3, 6, -2.5, 5],
cmap=pl.cm.gnuplot)
pl.clabel(contours,
inline=1,
fmt='%1.1f',
fontsize=14)
pl.plot([-1.5, -1.5, 1.5, 1.5, -1.5],
[-1.5, 1.5, 1.5, -1.5, -1.5], 'k', linewidth=2)
pl.fill_between([ -1.5, 1.5],
[ -1.5, -1.5],
[ 1.5, 1.5],
color='.8')
pl.axvline(0, color='k')
pl.axhline(0, color='k')
pl.text(-.9, 4.4, '$x_2$', size=20)
pl.text(5.6, -.6, '$x_1$', size=20)
pl.axis('equal')
pl.axis('off')
# And now plot the optimization path
accumulator = list()
def f(x):
# Store the list of function calls
accumulator.append(x)
return np.sqrt((x[0] - 3)**2 + (x[1] - 2)**2)
# We don't use the gradient, as with the gradient, L-BFGS is too fast,
# and finds the optimum without showing us a pretty path
def f_prime(x):
r = np.sqrt((x[0] - 3)**2 + (x[0] - 2)**2)
return np.array(((x[0] - 3)/r, (x[0] - 2)/r))
optimize.minimize(f, np.array([0, 0]), method="L-BFGS-B",
bounds=((-1.5, 1.5), (-1.5, 1.5)))
accumulated = np.array(accumulator)
pl.plot(accumulated[:, 0], accumulated[:, 1])
pl.show()

Total running time of the script: ( 0 minutes 0.225 seconds)

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